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Vanitas art is a fascinating genre which features objects rich in morbid symbolism such as skulls, rotting food, and fading flowers in order to produce in the viewer's mind an acute awareness of the brevity of life and the inevitability of death. The origins of the term date back to the latin biblical aphorism: vanitas vanitatum omni vanities (Ecclesiates 1:2) [Vanity of vanities; all is vanity
This intriguing, albeit macabre, genre of still life rose to prominence in the 16th and 17th century. It flourished primarily in Flanders, the Netherlands and, to some extent, in France. Though it lost much of its popularity around 1650, its influence remains clearly visible in many modern works of art, such as Paul Cezanne's Pyramid of Skulls and Pablo Picasso's Still Life with Skull.
Vanitas paintings of the Baroque period and the Golden Age of Dutch Art usually contain elaborate pictorial messages with moral undertones that urge the viewer to relinquish earthly pleasures and pursue a meaningful spiritual life. However, with the passage of time, the genre has evolved considerably and has shed much of its religiosity. Some vanitas pieces could be understood as an exhortation to seize the day and to drink, eat, and be merry for tomorrow we may die. Others endorse a nihilistic vision of the world that stresses the utter futility of existence and the absurdity of all human endeavors.
The artist's still life collection draws from the various philosophical strands associated with Vanitas art. It uses classic themes and symbolic objects from the vast repertoire developed by the vanitas masters of the Baroque period, and applies them to the modern age of globalization. In so doing, it ties the horrors of the past with the horrors of the present, suggesting in the process that perhaps the only truly enduring values of civilization are man's infinite capacity for corruption, greed, jingoism and warfare.

Definition:
(noun) - A vanitas painting was a particular type of still life immensely popular in the Netherlands (and Paris, to a lesser extent), beginning in the 17th century.
The phrase comes to us courtesy of a Biblical passage in Ecclesiastes, in which the Hebrew word "hevel" was incorrectly taken to mean "vanity of vanities". But for this slight mistranslation, the term would rightfully be known as a "vapor painting". Be that as it may ...
A vanitas painting, while possibly containing lovely objects, always included some reference to man's mortality - most often a human skull (with or without other bones), but also by way of burning candles, soap bubbles or decaying flowers. It was meant not only to be a work of art, but also to carry an important moral message: Trivial pleasures of life are abruptly and permanently wiped out by death, so don't get too carried away during your earthly time, Bub.
It is doubtful that this genre would have been popular had the Counter-Reformation and Calvinism not propelled it into the limelight
Will show reference to mans mortality thought the use of skulls bones and rotten food – still life – it started in the 17th century – comes from the mistranslation of a Hebrew biblical word – vapor painting